Within numismatics, pattern coins are an intriguing and historically significant group of U.S. rare coins. Before striking new designs for circulation, the U.S. Mint produces a pattern coin to see how the proposed features work in three dimensions. Collectors are attracted to pattern coins as many boast unusual features that were never adopted for circulation. Let’s take a look at five of the most unique U.S. pattern coins:

• 1792 Copper Birch Cent J-4
• 1792 Cent J-C1792-1, Dickeson Restrike
• 1849 Gold $1 J-115
• 1860 Transitional Half Dime J-267
• 1866 Indian Head Cent J-456

1. 1792 Copper Birch Cent J-4

It is believed that Robert Birch, one of the original U.S. Mint employees in 1792, engraved the large copper pattern coins known today as “Birch cents.” This 1792 Copper Birch Cent with a Lettered Edge reveals two stars on the edge and this inscription on the edge: TO BE ESTEEMED*BE USEFUL*. This Birch Cent is a highly sought after and scarce pattern coin, with only seven or eight survivors.

2. 1792 Cent J-C1792-1, Dickeson Restrike

This pattern coin, also struck in 1792 is a privately issued token, known as the 1792 “Trial Piece” struck by Dr. Montroville Dickeson. This interesting coin features an eagle die from a revenue stamp with a reverse die inscription: TRIAL PIECE DESIGNED FOR THE UNITED STATES, implying it had been used at the U.S. Mint to produce the coins, which it had not!

3. 1849 Gold $1 J-115

What makes this gold dollar unique? It has a hole in the middle of it. In 1849, the U.S. Mint began striking $1 gold coins for circulation. However, they had a tiny diameter, because there wasn’t much gold in them. Soon after, the U.S. Mint began receiving complaints about the coin—specifically that its small size at 14.3 millimeters made it easy to lose. This pattern coin shows one of the ideas that Mint had to increase the coin’s diameter—putting a hole in the middle of it! It was a thinner, larger coin that still contained a dollar’s worth of gold. There are only a handful of these unique rarities know to survive today.

4. 1860 Transitional Half Dime J-267

In 1859, the U.S. Mint decided to move the inscription UNITED STATES OF AMERICA from the reverse of the half dime to the obverse. This transitional pattern coin minted in 1860 combined a Stars obverse with the new, larger wreath on the reverse. However, neither sides of the coin showed the name of our country! The reason? The inscription had been removed from the reverse die, but not yet added to the obverse! The omission of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA only adds to the intrigue around these ultra-rare pattern coins.

5. 1866 Indian Head Cent J-456

This 1866 Indian Head Cent pattern is made from copper and nickel. Yet, this coin should have been made of bronze! Even today, numismatic historians don’t fully understand how or why this coin was created. Since the last copper-nickel cents were struck in 1864, there is speculation this is an off-metal error coin. However, because there about half a dozen known survivors, another theory suggests this was an off-metal coin deliberately produced for sale to collectors. Either way, this 1866 Indian Head pattern is a highly desired coin by collectors of this series.

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When it comes to shipwrecks, few have had as profound an impact on shaping America’s history as El Cazador. This vessel’s story is not just one of maritime tragedy, but also of the extraordinary treasure it carried and the ripple effects of its loss. This piece will delve into the remarkable coin discoveries from this legendary vessel, exploring El Cazador shipwreck coin value, as well as:

• The captivating history of El Cazador.
• The consequences of the ship’s sinking.
• The premier destination for acquiring rare coins.

Watch an expert unveil clusters of silver coins salvaged from the El Cazador wreckage in this fascinating video:

Facts about El Cazador ship

Altering the course of American history, El Cazador holds a unique place in maritime lore. Discovered in 1993, this Spanish shipwreck serves as a poignant reminder of the profound impact of maritime trade on the development of the New World.

El Cazador ship model

Built in the late 18th century, El Cazador epitomized the Spanish brigantine — a hallmark vessel of the Age of Sail, prevalent in the 17th and 18th centuries for both naval and merchant ventures. Characterized by two masts, brigantines like El Cazador feature a towering mainmast alongside a subordinate foremast, each meticulously rigged with square sails attached to horizontal yards.

Additionally, these vessels often boast fore-and-aft rigged sails on the mainmast running parallel to the ship’s length. This dual rigging design not only bolsters propulsion but also enhances maneuverability, making brigantines versatile across diverse wind conditions and agile on the high seas.

El Cazador story

Known for its agility and versatility, El Cazador was a common sight along the trade routes of the Spanish Empire, ferrying goods and passengers across the vast expanse of the Atlantic Ocean. In the year 1784, the vessel was assigned a pivotal mission by the Spanish authorities: transporting a vital cargo of essential supplies and treasures, including hundreds of thousands of coins minted in Mexico City and other colonial mints, to bolster the economic prospects of the Spanish colonial authorities in Louisiana. Departing from the bustling port of Veracruz, Mexico, the ship embarked on a journey bound for the port of New Orleans.

With Captain de Campos y Pineda at the helm, the crew of El Cazador set sail with determination. The journey was fraught with challenges as the vessel navigated unpredictable waters and faced the ever-present threat of piracy lurking on the horizon. Despite the perils, the crew pressed on, driven by the promise of profit and the duty to serve their homeland.

However, as the ship ventured into the Gulf of Mexico, it encountered a fierce storm that proved to be its undoing. Notwithstanding the crew’s valiant efforts to weather the tempest, El Cazador ultimately succumbed to the fury of the sea, disappearing beneath the waves along with its precious cargo and the hopes it carried for the colony of Louisiana.

Passengers on El Cazador shipwreck

El Cazador served as a merchant vessel, primarily dedicated to transporting cargo rather than passengers. While there are no detailed historical records regarding passengers on the vessel, it’s possible a few merchants, cargo overseers, or Spanish colonial representatives were on board alongside the crew. Unfortunately, no survivors emerged from the tragedy of El Cazador’s sinking, leaving behind unanswered questions about its fate at sea.

El Cazador aftermath

The disappearance of El Cazador in 1784 had far-reaching consequences that reverberated across the Kingdom of Spain and the New World. The failure to locate the ship and its valuable cargo prompted Spain to relinquish control of Louisiana back to France in 1800. Subsequently, France sold the territory to the United States in 1803 for $15 million, significantly expanding American territory.

Some historians speculate that had the vessel successfully delivered its treasure to New Orleans, parts of the present-day United States might still be under Spanish sovereignty.

El Cazador shipwreck location

The wreckage of El Cazador was discovered in 1993 in the Gulf of Mexico, 50 miles southeast of New Orleans, by fisherman Jerry Murphy. While trawling for shrimp, Murphy hooked his net into an obstacle. This turned out to be a cluster of silver coins from El Cazador.

This chance encounter marked the beginning of the ship’s recovery efforts, which ultimately yielded a trove of artifacts, notably including a significant portion of the vessel’s cargo of Spanish colonial coins.

How many coins from Cazador ship are known

The coins retrieved from the El Cazador shipwreck unveil a window into the past, showcasing the bustling trade routes of yesteryears. Much like the Atocha shipwreck treasure, these coins offer tangible evidence of the thriving transatlantic trade during the colonial era, illuminating the economic exchanges that shaped the course of history.

1. 1783 8 Reales El Cazador coin

Created by the Mexican Mint and stamped with the assayer mark “F.F.”, this 1783 8 reales El Cazador Spanish wreck coin features the bust of the King of Spain Charles III on the obverse and the Hispanic arms design on the reverse. As the most common coin found among the wreckage, it is clear that it played a big role in shaping the economic landscape of the colonial era.

In fact, the use of this El Cazador shipwreck coin (“Spanish piece of eight” as it is often referred to) was so widespread in international trade during the 16th to 19th centuries that it became synonymous with the Spanish dollar and even served as legal tender in the U.S. until the Coinage Act of 1857.

1783 Carlos III 8 Reales

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1783

2. 1781 El Cazador shipwreck coin 8 Reales

One of the rarer finds among the 8 Reales coins recovered from the El Cazador shipwreck is this 1781 piece. Minted in Lima, Peru under the reign of King Charles III, this coin is distinguished by its scarcity. Compared to its counterparts minted in Mexico, there were far fewer coins produced in Lima, and consequently, fewer found on the ship, making them highly sought after by collectors. As a result, the El Cazador 8 reales coin value of these pieces remains significant.

1781 Carlos III 8 Reales

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1781

Photo by Numista

3. 1740 4 Reales El Cazador coin

Another fascinating El Cazador treasure coin is this 4 reales piece minted under the reign of Felipe V, a notable departure from the majority of coins on the vessel which were produced during Charles III’s reign. Distinguished by its unique design featuring a shield embellished with a regal crown on the obverse, this coin offers a captivating glimpse into Spain’s numismatic heritage during Felipe V’s rule.

1740 Felipe V 4 Reales

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1740

Photo by Numista

4. 1783 El Cazador 2 Reales coin

A striking find, this 2 Reales 1783 El Cazador shipwreck coin was among the most frequently discovered artifacts in the wreckage. These coins held particular popularity across the Spanish colonies, valued for their versatility in everyday transactions. Their lower denomination allowed for easy exchange in a variety of purchases, underscoring their widespread use in daily commerce.

1783 Carlos III 2 reales

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1783

Photo by Numista

5. 1768 El Cazador 2 Reales silver coin

The 1768 Carlos III 2 Reales coin is a notable discovery among the wreckage of El Cazador, distinguished by its rarity compared to other 2 Reales coins recovered. What sets this coin apart is the presence of the assayer mark “FM,” unlike the more commonly found “FF” mark on coins from a similar period. This unique marking adds to the coin’s historical significance and makes it a prized find for collectors, contributing to its high “El Cazador coins value”.

1768 Carlos III 2 Reales

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1768

Photo by Numista

6. 1785 1 Real El Cazador silver coin

With a unique combination of design elements, this 1785 Carlos III 1 Real coin from El Cazador wreck is a prized addition to numismatic collections, reflecting the rich heritage of Spanish colonial coinage. The coin’s obverse is graced by an armored bust of Charles III, exuding regal authority, while a crowned arms shield flanked by pillars on the reverse symbolizes Spanish imperial strength.

1785 Carlos III 1 Real

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1785

Photo by Numista

7. 1779 El Cazador shipwreck 1/2 Reale coin

As the second smallest denomination among Spanish colonial silver coins, half reales coins played a crucial role in everyday commerce throughout the colonies. This particular piece represents the most commonly found 1/2 reales El Cazador coins, distinguished by its assayer mark “FF.”

1779 Carlos III ½ Real

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1779

Photo by Numista

8. 1744 ½ Real coin from shipwreck El Cazador

A prized rarity among El Cazador half reale coins, this 1744 ½ Real coin is greatly sought after by collectors for its earlier date of minting and the presence of the assayer mark “FM” that sets it apart as a distinctive find. Produced during the reign of King Felipe V, this coin represents a less common variety among the wreckage, adding to its numismatic allure.

1744 Felipe V ½ Real

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1744

Photo by Numista

Browse a broader selection of rare coins beyond El Cazador coins for sale.

Where to buy rare coins

El Cazador played a pivotal role in shaping American history as a significant shipwreck. Its discovery revealed a treasure trove of valuable coins, each with its own compelling story, now highly sought after by collectors worldwide.

To begin or enhance your own numismatic journey with the acquisition of rare coins, trust Blanchard’s unmatched expertise and dedication to excellence. Do not hesitate to reach out to Blanchard’s team with questions about El Cazador shipwreck coins value and more. Blanchard’s expert numismatists are available to assist you at all times, ensuring a seamless and enriching numismatic experience.

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The Flying Eagle Cent, a perennially popular coin among collectors, has its origins in a copper shortage in the U.S. in the 1850s.

While copper has a rich history and was first used in coins around 8000 B.C.—in the United States in the 1850s—copper mining had yet to reach its heyday.

Compare these numbers for perspective. In 1845, copper production totaled a mere 13 tons in Michigan (the largest copper producer in America at the time). That number jumped to 7,170 tons in Michigan twenty years later!

So, in the 1850s, U.S. Mint officials reported difficulty breaking even while making large cent copper coins, as the price for the raw metal was climbing fast.

What’s more, Americans just didn’t like the large copper cents. People complained they were ugly, heavy and collected dirt easily.

The Passing of the Torch from the Large Cent to the Small Cent

A solution was put forward. The Treasury had been experimenting with a new small cent pattern coin in 1856. The small cent was about half the weight of the large cent, which would significantly reduce the Mint’s production costs.

While large cents weighed in at 10.89 grams, the new Flying Eagle pattern coin struck in 1856 clocked in at significantly lower 4.67 grams and was made from 88% copper and 12% nickel.

Congress and the Public Embraced the Flying Eagle Cent

Mint officials distributed the 1856 Flying Eagle cent pattern coin to Treasury officials, members of Congress and other VIPs as they considered the legislation. Additional 1856 proof pieces were struck for collectors and the early coins were snapped up quickly. While 2,000 pattern coins were minted in 1856, today survivors are extremely rare and highly desirable.

Since the coin met the approval of Congressional members, the Act of February 21, 1857 created official authorization for a new small cent made from a mixture of copper and nickel.

The same 1857 law created a provision where Americans could turn in their older cents, and also Spanish or Mexican coins that were commonly used in commerce at that time, for the new small cent.

When the Mint began official distribution of the Flying Eagle Cent in May 1857, long lines formed at the Mint as people wanted to trade in their old coins for the shiny new smaller cent.

Today, we consider Flying Eagle to be copper coins, but at their launch they were lovingly called “nicks” in reference to their nickel content. While the public clamored for these coins and adoption was swift, the Flying Eagle was only minted until 1858. Today, it is believed that striking problems were occurring with the high-relief on the design. The Indian Head cent replaced the Flying Eagle in 1859.

Mint Chief Engraver James Barton Longacre Designed This Delightful Coin

The obverse features a left-facing eagle with its wings outstretched in flight. Around the top, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA encircles the top two-thirds of the coin, with the date at bottom. The image of the eagle was influenced by work from Longacre’s predecessor, Christian Gobrecht. On the reverse, a detailed wreath comprised of leaves, corn seed heads, wheat, cotton and tobacco is wrapped in a ribbon. Centered on the reverse are the words ONE CENT. All coins were minted at Philadelphia and so there are no mint marks on the coins.

Collecting Flying Eagle Cents

The exciting history, arresting design and its stature as the first small cent make Flying Eagle Cents a highly collected series. Collectors typically want to acquire the 1856 pattern and the 1857 and 1858 coins. Additionally, there are three varieties in the series and collectors typically try to obtain all of them including the 1858 Double Die Obverse (1858/7), 1858 Large Letters and 1858 Small Letters. Are you intrigued? See this beautiful coin here.

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Stumbling upon a potentially rare coin unexpectedly can be thrilling for collectors. Nevertheless, discerning rarity is no easy feat. This determination hinges on various factors that necessitate going beyond surface assessment, prompting a nuanced exploration of the coin’s characteristics. This article aims to answer the question “How do you find out if you have a rare coin?”, focusing on:

• Signs for spotting rare coins.
• Illustrative cases of rare coin identification.
• Tips for owners of rare coins.

Watch this video for more expert advice on spotting rare coins:

How to spot rare coins: 10 surefire signs

If you believe you’ve come across a rare coin, there are various clues that can help confirm this. These fundamental signs serve as an excellent starting point for recognizing numismatic rarities.

1. Check mintage figures to identify rare coins.

Checking mintage figures is a crucial step in identifying rare coins. Mintage refers to the number of coins produced during a specific time frame and at a particular mint.

Typically, coins with limited mintage due to historical events, errors in production, or special commemorations are likely to be more sought after by collectors. Numismatists looking to discern the scarcity of a coin by researching mintage data should be attentive to variations in mintage figures across different years and minting locations, as even a small discrepancy can significantly impact a coin’s rarity.

Exploring what mintage makes a coin rare becomes essential in the pursuit of understanding the factors that contribute to a coin’s desirability among collectors. To access mintage information, collectors can consult reputable numismatic resources, official mint reports, or online databases dedicated to coin mintage figures.

To illustrate this point, consider this coin, exemplifying the intrinsic connection between a limited mintage of 3,942 and collector allure:

1884 Indian Head Cent PCGS PR67 Red Brown CAC

• Metal: Bronze
• Year: 1884

• Check our most current price here.

2. Design variations and anomalies are key for rare coin identification.

Careful examination of design variations and anomalies is paramount when figuring out how to tell if a coin is rare. Design evolution in coins is shaped by changes in minting processes, advancements in technology, and shifts in artistic preferences, among other factors. Anomalies occur when unexpected errors like double strikes, off-center minting, or die cracks manifest.

When present, these variations and anomalies contribute significantly to a coin’s rarity, enhancing its uniqueness and desirability among collectors. To identify these distinctions, utilize reputable reference numismatic materials, or consult with experienced professionals.

3. Historical significance is integral to what makes coins rare.

A coin’s historical significance is another factor serving as a “rare coin identifier”. Rare coins often derive their scarcity from the circumstances surrounding their production or the historical context they encapsulate.

Coins commemorating significant events, personalities, or periods in history often hold a special allure for collectors. Moreover, coins minted during pivotal moments, such as war times or economic crises, tend to be scarcer due to limited production or subsequent withdrawals from circulation.

Researching the historical context of a coin, including its origin, purpose, and any associated stories, enriches a collector’s understanding of its rarity and can help determine its worth and importance within numismatic circles.

A case is this ancient Roman coin, a tangible artifact that vividly encapsulates the cultural, political, and economic nuances of its era:

Twelve Caesars – Julius Caesar

• Metal: Silver
• Year: c. 46 – 45 BC

• Get our most current price here.

4. A coin’s circulation history is a pivotal factor in how to identify rare coins.

Identifying rare coins requires a consideration of their circulation history. Coins with limited circulation, perhaps due to limited issuance or geographic distribution, are often deemed rarer by collectors. Additionally, understanding the patterns of coin withdrawals from circulation, whether due to economic changes or the introduction of new currency, helps collectors assess the availability of specific coins.

In the process of learning how to spot a rare coin, numismatists must delve into the historical context of circulation, tracking the coin’s trajectory from mint to hands of collectors. In this way, they can gain insights into the scarcity of well-preserved coins and recognize the impact of circulation on a coin’s overall rarity.

5. High prices serve as a reliable rare coin value checker.

The principle of supply and demand is particularly evident in the realm of rare coins, where heightened collector interest and limited availability drive prices upward. This means that high prices in the numismatic market serve as a reliable indicator when checking the rarity and value of coins. A coin’s market value often reflects its scarcity, historical significance, and overall desirability among collectors.

Collectors and investors alike frequently use auction results, price guides, and sales records to gauge the rarity of a coin. In the digital age, interested parties can easily find and use an app to identify rare coins or other online platforms and specialized marketplaces that facilitate the tracking of coin prices, enabling them to stay informed about market trends. Coins that consistently command high prices in the market, like the following one, are generally those with limited availability or possessing unique qualities that attract discerning collectors:

1795 $10 Draped Bust 13 Leaves PCGS AU58

• Metal: Gold
• Year: 1795

• View our most current price here.

6. Investigate if rare coins that you might have were part of important discoveries.

Understanding the circumstances of a coin’s discovery can offer important guidance on how to know if you have a rare coin. Coins that were extracted from shipwrecks or unearthed as part of archaeological finds or historical excavations often carry an added allure for collectors. These discoveries not only contribute to the coin’s provenance but also provide a unique glimpse into the historical context and circumstances surrounding its burial or concealment.

The association with important discoveries can elevate the numismatic significance of a coin, making it more than a mere collectible. By delving into the stories behind these discoveries, collectors gain a deeper appreciation for the unique historical journey of a coin, enriching the overall experience of identifying and owning rare numismatic treasures.

A great example of a rare coin that provides a tangible link to history because of its discovery is this stunning piece, found on SS Central America:

1857-S $20 Liberty SSCA PCGS AU58

• Metal: Gold
• Year: 1857

• See our most current price here.

If you are fascinated by historic discoveries, read about the Gairsoppa wreck here.

7. Regionality plays a role in what makes a coin rare and valuable.

Regionality plays a pivotal role in determining the rarity and value of a coin within the numismatic world. The geographic origin of a coin can significantly influence its scarcity, as mints in different regions may produce varying quantities of a particular denomination. Furthermore, coins specific to certain regions may have limited distribution or bear regional symbols and designs that resonate strongly with collectors interested in the heritage of a specific geographic area.

When figuring out how to tell if you have a rare coin, you should consider regionality as a crucial aspect, recognizing that a coin’s origin contributes to its distinctive value. The regional context enhances the coin’s story, making it a cultural artifact that reflects the history and identity of a particular locale.

An exemplary regional coin steeped in history is the 1855 $50 Wass Molitor, minted during the height of the Gold Rush:

1855 $50 Wass Molitor NGC VF35 CAC

• Metal: Gold
• Year: 1855

• Have a look at our most current price here.

8. An indicator for how to know if a coin is rare is if it is exclusively part of a set.

An effective indicator for identifying rare coins is their exclusivity as part of a set, a key consideration for any rare coin checker. Whether issued for commemorative purposes, special occasions, or thematic collections, coins that can only be acquired as part of a set tend to be more sought after and rarer than standard issues.

The exclusivity of set-based coins is two-fold; it not only limits the individual coin’s availability but also enhances its desirability within the context of a comprehensive collection. Numismatists value the challenge of assembling complete sets, and the scarcity of specific coins within these sets adds a layer of difficulty to the pursuit.

9. Condition can offer valuable clues about rare coins you might have.

While the question “How old does a coin have to be to be rare?” often takes center stage, it’s essential to emphasize that age is just one consideration when it comes to rarity. Equally significant is the coin’s state of preservation, providing valuable insights into its history, wear, and overall scarcity.

Key indicators of a coin’s condition include the presence of luster, sharpness of details, and absence of scratches or discoloration. Numismatists carefully examine the surfaces, edges, and overall appearance of a coin to glean information about its rarity and historical significance.

Well-preserved coins, especially those in higher grades, are generally considered rarer and more desirable among collectors. Coins in exceptional condition often fetch higher prices in the market due to their scarcity. Understanding the language of coin grading and recognizing the significance of condition allows collectors to make informed decisions about the rarity and value of their coins.

10. Metal content and composition can be an effective coin rarity checker.

Examining the metal content and composition of a coin can also prove to be an effective strategy if you are looking for a way how to know if your coin is rare. The choice of metals used in minting coins can vary over time, and certain compositions may be specific to particular issues or historical periods.

Coins composed of precious metals, such as gold or silver, are often deemed rarer due to their inherent value. Historical coinage, especially from antiquity, might also boast unique compositions that reflect the economic and metallurgical practices of the time.

Understanding these metal details offers valuable insights into a coin’s scarcity. Numismatists meticulously study a coin’s metal content and composition, using this information as a valuable rarity checker.

Identifying rare coins: case study

What makes a 1971 2p coin rare?

The 1971 2p coin’s rarity stems from a design change when the Royal Mint transitioned from “New Pence” to “Two Pence.” A limited number of coins were mistakenly minted with the old inscription, making them highly sought after by collectors.

How can you tell if a 50p coin is rare?

To understand what makes a 50p coin rare, consider factors like mintage, design variations, and circulation history. An example of a rare 50p coin is the Kew Gardens 50p coin, minted in 2009 to commemorate the Royal Botanic Gardens, with a mintage of only 210,000.

What makes a 1979 dollar coin rare?

The rarity of a 1979 dollar coin is generally determined by specific minting variations. For example, some 1979 Susan B. Anthony dollars were struck with a wide rim, creating the “near date” variety. This variety is considered more scarce compared to the standard version with a narrower rim.

How do you know if you have a rare Sacagawea coin?

Everyone is familiar with the historical significance of the Sacagawea dollar, but the answer to the question “How to tell if a Sacagawea coin is rare?” lies beyond that. To ensure your coin is rare, check for minting errors, such as double strikes or planchet flaws, unique designs, or limited editions. The 2007 Sacagawea Dollar, with Edge Lettering, accidentally featuring a Presidential coin’s edge design, is exceptionally valuable due to its rarity, with only one known to exist.

Photo by Coin Week

How do you tell if you have a rare Susan B Anthony coin?

Link to the coin image: https://www.pcgs.com/coinfacts/coin/1981-p-sba-1/9578

To determine what makes a Susan B. Anthony coin rare, inspect features like mint marks, design variations, and unusual characteristics. Certain years or mintages, such as those from 1981 and 1999, tend to be scarcer, impacting the coin’s rarity.

Photo by PCGS

What to do if you think you have a rare coin

• Research: Conduct thorough research on the coin, including its mint year, mint mark, and any unique characteristics.
• Consult experts: Seek advice from experienced numismatists who can provide valuable insights into the rarity of your coin. Blanchard’s team of experts is always available to provide you with information on how to check rare coins.
• Extend your collection: Add more rare coins to your collection with Blanchard’s rare coins checker’s guidance.

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Avid coin enthusiasts will undoubtedly be familiar with the euphoria of stumbling upon a rare piece. This feeling, however, pales in comparison to the exhilarating sensation of unearthing an entire coin hoard. These hoards narrate captivating stories of bygone eras, encapsulating fortunes and monetary relics carefully preserved through time. This article explores the most renowned coin hoard discoveries globally, including the largest coin hoard ever found in the US, focusing on:

• The practice, history, and regulations of coin hoarding.
• Famous ancient and modern hoards worldwide.
• Sourcing hoarded coins for your collection.

If you’re captivated by the allure of lost and found coin hoards and treasures, don’t miss this fascinating video:

Coin hoarding

What is a coin hoard?

The term “hoarding” originated in archaeology, describing the intentional act of accumulating and burying valuable items – a practice aimed at safeguarding or concealing wealth for various reasons. In a numismatic context, a coin hoard mirrors this archaeological concept, signifying a substantial collection of coins intentionally gathered and, at times, concealed for reasons such as preserving value, avoiding economic instability, or responding to societal upheavals.

In contrast to organized collections meticulously curated by numismatists, coin hoards are amassed without a deliberate effort to curate or complete sets. The key distinction lies in intent: collectors carefully assemble sets for historical, legacy, or aesthetic purposes, while hoarders accumulate coins without a specific strategy. The defining characteristic of a coin hoard is the absence of a structured goal, distinguishing it from traditional coin collections.

Nevertheless, determining what constitutes a coin hoard isn’t rigidly defined. Size alone doesn’t categorize a collection as a hoard, with their scope varying widely. Some hoards consist of only a few dozen coins, while others number in the thousands, reflecting their diverse nature which defies a one-size-fits-all definition. Historical context, the intent behind accumulation, and the scarcity of the coins involved are some other factors that contribute to defining whether a collection qualifies as a coin hoard.

Hoard coin discoveries can occur in different ways, such as the original hoarder returning or unearthing by metal detectorists, archaeologists, or other members of the public.

Is it illegal to hoard coins?

In the United States, hoarding coins is not illegal and there is no coin hoarding law per se. However, the legal landscape governing this practice is intricate, varying across jurisdictions and contingent upon the collector’s intent.

Put simply, there exists a legal distinction between coin collecting and hoarding. Accumulating coins for the sake of a hobby or wealth-building is lawful, yet doing so with the aim of defrauding or manipulating currency transgresses legal boundaries.

Enthusiastic coin collectors, motivated by the joy of completing sets, differ from hoarders who amass coins without the intention of creating numismatic collections. The absence of a precise legal definition for hoarding introduces challenges, fostering diverse interpretations. Therefore, collectors should stay current with the legal framework to navigate the delicate balance between individual rights and legal considerations as far as coin possession is concerned.

It’s also essential to note that regulations regarding the possession of large coin quantities vary between countries. For instance, the anti coin hoarding law Philippines proposed seems to be having a significant impact on nations globally and sparking numerous discussions.

Document by the Senate of the Philippines

To delve deeper into the historical limitations on Americans owning gold, read about FDR’s Executive Order, essentially an early version of an anti-coin hoarding bill.

Ancient coin hoards

Ancient coin hoards offer glimpses into the past, revealing stories of ancient economies and cultures.

Greek coin hoards

The birth of coinage, a pivotal development in the history of currency, is often attributed to ancient Greece. While the first standardized coins are generally credited to the ancient Lydians in present-day Turkey around 640 BC, Greece, as a country of immense historical importance and a hub of significant archaeological activity, has been a treasure trove for hoarding of coins discoveries. These discoveries shed light on important aspects of ancient economic systems, trade networks, and cultural practices, providing invaluable insights into the intricate tapestry of the country’s past.

Ancient Greek coin hoard findings continue to emerge even to this day, with one of the most significant ones occurring in 2021. Archaeologists, during the third season of the Phanagoria expedition by the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, unearthed 80 copper staters dating back to the sixth century. This latest inventory of Greek coin hoards, found stashed inside an amphora, is believed to be linked to a series of Hun or Turk assaults that wrought destruction upon major sections of the city.

Ancient Greek coin

Coin hoards of the Roman Empire

The Roman Empire, an unparalleled juggernaut in the annals of human history, held sway over vast territories and diverse cultures, leaving an indelible mark on the evolution of Western civilization. Studying Roman coin hoards reveals details about trade networks, inflation responses, tax systems, and coin circulation in this colossal empire.

One notable discovery is the Frome Hoard, found in Somerset, England, in 2010. Comprising over 52,000 Roman coins, this spectacular Roman coin hoard dating back to the third century stands as one of the largest and most diverse Roman hoards ever unearthed in Britain. The Frome Hoard includes issues featuring notable emperors such as Carausius, Diocletian, Maximian, and Allectus, illuminating the turbulent times marked by political transitions during that time.

Uncover fascinating stories about Roman coins hoard discoveries and more here.

Anglo-Saxon coin hoards

Anglo-Saxon coin hoards serve as windows into the historical landscapes of early medieval England, preserving tales of kingdoms, trade, and societal changes.

Jersey Coin Hoard

The Jersey Coin Hoard, considered one of the most famous Anglo-Saxon coin hoards, is distinguished by its unique blend of Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and hoard of Roman coins found. This extraordinary collection provides valuable insights into the complex historical interactions between these cultures.

Discovered in 2012 by metal detectorists Reg Mead and Richard Miles on the island of Jersey, the Jersey Celtic Coin Hoard is a remarkable archaeological find. Buried over 2,000 years ago, it consists of an estimated 70,000 to 80,000 coins, predominantly made of silver and gold.

This substantial collection is believed to date back to the 1st century BC, providing a unique glimpse into the late Iron Age and the period of Roman influence in the region. The coins bear intricate designs and symbols, including depictions of stylized horses and other Celtic motifs.

The Jersey Coin Hoard. Photo by Wikipedia

American coin treasures and hoards

American coin hoards, spanning from colonial times to the modern era, illuminate the economic and cultural transformations that have shaped the United States.

Kentucky Coin Hoard

The Great Kentucky Coin Hoard, discovered in 2023 by an anonymous individual in a Kentucky cornfield, is a staggering find of over 800 gold coins dating back to the Civil War era. The discovery, estimated to be worth millions, includes $1 gold Indian coins, $10 gold Liberty coins, and, notably, eighteen 1863-P $20 Gold Liberty coins, a super-rare date with significant value.

The NGC suggests that the coins may have been buried due to Kentucky’s declaration of neutrality during the Civil War, reflecting the state’s internal conflicts.

To procure a rare coin similar to those included in the gold coin hoard found in Kentucky, have a look at this piece:

1901-S $10 Liberty CAC MS65

• Metal: Gold
• Year: 1901

• Check our most current price here.

Baltimore Gold Hoard

The Baltimore Gold Coin Hoard refers to two coin hoards discovered in 1934 and 1935 by teenagers Theodore Jones and Henry Grob while digging in a cellar. Amazingly, these impressive collections of over 3,500 gold coins were unearthed in the same location, one year apart, adding to the intrigue of this historical find.

The hoard of coins ranged from $1 to $20 denominations, dating back to the 1830s – 1850s. Adhering to the 1933 U.S. Gold Act, when the boys found the coins the first time, they turned them over to the government due to private gold ownership being illegal. The second time, however, they gave the coins to their mothers, sparking a legal dispute. Ultimately, the boys were awarded $7,000 each in 1937.

Capture the essence of this legendary discovery with this rare coin:

1853 $20 Liberty PCGS XF45 CAC

• Metal: Gold
• Year: 1853

• Get our most current price here.

Nevada Coin Hoard

One of the most famous coin hoards ever discovered in Nevada was the Redfield Hoard, amassed by financier LaVere Redfield, found at his home after his passing in 1974. A truly iconic collection comprising over 407,000 silver Morgan and Peace dollars, which posthumously earned Redfield the nickname “Silver Dollar King”, the hoard exemplifies Redfield’s unique approach to wealth preservation. The multimillionaire was notorious for avoiding banks due to distrust in paper money and instead hoarding coins, choosing to hide significant portions of his fortune in unconventional places.

The hoard, sold to a large precious metals company for $7.3 million in 1976, showcases Redfield’s decades-long dedication to silver dollars, like the following one, making it a pivotal chapter in numismatic history:

1878 7 Tail Feathers Rev 1878 Morgan $1 PCGS MS64

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1878

• View our most current price here.

Saddle Ridge hoard coins

Discovered in 2013, the Saddle Ridge Gold Coin Hoard in California stands as the largest known buried coin discovery in the United States to date. Anonymous discoverers, a couple simply known as Mary and John for privacy reasons, stumbled upon this treasure while walking their dog on their property in the Sierra Madre Mountains. Comprising 1,411 coins dating from 1847 to 1894, with most originating from the San Francisco Mint, the hoard was valued at over $10 million.

Enclosed in eight metal cans, the immaculately preserved coins’ origins remain shrouded in mystery, fueling theories involving bank heists, the prudent actions of a wealthy individual distrustful of banks, or even gold miners working nearby stashing coins. The fortunate couple retained ownership of the coins, and eventually made them available for purchase on Amazon, under the listing “Saddle Ridge Hoard coins for sale”.

Embark on a journey through history with this unique coin reminiscent of the Saddle Ridge Hoard discovery:

1840-D $5 Liberty Small Date NGC AU58 CAC

• Metal: Gold
• Year: 1840

• See our most current price here.

New York Subway Coin Hoard

Defying the traditional notion of a coin hoard found buried in the ground, the New York Subway Hoard was meticulously collected over three decades from subway turnstiles by New York City Transit Authority workers. A unique assemblage of 23,000 valuable U.S. coins, it included notable pieces such as 8 1901-S quarters, 45 complete sets of Barber dimes (with the exception of the 1894-S), 241 1916-D dimes, and more.

Acquired by Littleton Coin Co. in the 1990s, this collection represents a captivating chapter in numismatic lore, standing as one of the most unique American coin hoards of all time.

Delve into numismatic history with this captivating coin, echoing the era of the New York Subway Hoard:

1907 Barber Half Dollar PCGS PR65 CAC

• Metal: Silver
• Year: 1907

• Have a look at our most current price here.

Explore Blanchard’s selection of fascinating rarities, extending beyond hoard coins, here.

Where to buy rare coins for your own hoard

From the legendary Saddle Ridge Hoard mystery to the unique collection of the New York Subway Hoard, coin hoards offer glimpses into the past. To unravel the stories behind these extraordinary finds and explore rare pieces, browse through Blanchard’s specially curated collection.

Whether you’re starting your numismatic journey or enhancing your already valuable collection, our team is delighted to assist you and offer expert guidance on coin hoards for sale and more.

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While the United States stands as a pioneer in numismatics, boasting a treasure trove of incredibly diverse rare pieces, the global landscape of rare coin collecting extends far beyond its borders. Venturing into international numismatic territory, this piece aims to provide readers with a most valuable rare Australian coins list and value insights, highlighting:

• Noteworthy high-value Australian coins.
• The historical and cultural nuances of these iconic coins.
• Prime online sources for the best quality rare coins.

Watch this insightful video to delve deeper into the world of valuable Australian coins:

Rare valuable Australian coins below $1

While Australian bullion coins often steal the spotlight in discussions about coin collecting, numismatists might be surprised at rare Australian coins’ values.

Rare Australian coins: half penny

Recognized as Australia’s rarest halfpenny and exemplifying the charm of rare old Australian coins, the 1923 halfpenny holds a revered status in Australian numismatics. Made of bronze, the coin’s obverse, designed by Bertram Mackennal, features the effigy of King George V, surrounded by the inscription “GEORGIVS V D.G. BRITT: OMN: REX F.D. IND: IMP:” denoting his titles. On the reverse, it bears the legend “COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA”, accompanied by the denomination “HALF PENNY” and the year of issue.

The elite numismatic status of the 1923 halfpenny stems from its limited mintage of approximately 15,000, making it one of the best rare Australian coins to look out for. A notable historical mix-up initially attributed the coin to the Sydney Mint due to an error in their Annual Report, which wrongly recorded the striking of 1,113,600 halfpennies in 1923. This led to the misconception that the 1923 Halfpenny was a common coin.

However, meticulous research by curator John Sharples, conducted decades later, clarified that the coin was actually struck at the Melbourne Mint. Sharples’ thorough analysis revealed that the 1,113,600 halfpennies produced at the Sydney Mint were dated 1922, not 1923. This correction solidifies the 1923 halfpenny as Australia’s rarest circulating halfpenny, adding an intriguing layer to its historical narrative.

1923 Halfpenny

• Metal: Bronze
• Year: 1923

Photo by PCGS

Rare Australian 1 cent coins

The 1968 one cent coin is a rare Australian coin that marks a significant chapter in the nation’s numismatic evolution, symbolizing Australia’s transition to a decimal currency system initiated on February 14, 1966. Before this, Australia used a pounds, shillings, and pence system inherited from its British colonial past. The intricate calculations required for everyday transactions were often cumbersome, leading to the decision to adopt a simplified decimal system that would align the nation’s currency with global standards.

Crafted by Stuart Devlin, this coin is a remarkable piece with a diameter of 17.65 millimeters and a weight of 2.6 grams. Showcasing a feathertail glider, an iconic marsupial, on the reverse and Queen Elizabeth II’s effigy sculpted by Arnold Machin on the obverse, it is renowned for having the lowest mintage in its series.

Adding to its exceptional rarity is the absence of a 1968 mint set release by the Royal Australian Mint, making it one of the most challenging dates to acquire, especially in uncirculated condition. Collectors often seek out this coin as part of their pursuit of rare Australian coins worth money.

Photo by Drake Sterling

Rare Australian 2 cent coins

The Australian two-cent coin, introduced with the Currency Act 1965, holds a distinctive place in the nation’s coinage. Unlike other denominations, the two cents didn’t directly replace a pre-decimal coin but rather represented a rounded equivalent to 2.4 pence. Notably, the halfpenny, penny, and threepence had no direct equivalent in the new system, setting the two cents apart.

While two-cent coins were minted from 1966 to 1991, the 1981 “NO SD” edition stands out as an exceptional Australian rare coin. A striking piece in copper-nickel, created during a period known for its distinctive coin designs, it features a frilled-neck lizard, an emblematic representation of Australia’s rich biodiversity, on the reverse, designed by Stuart Devlin.

However, despite the coin’s design typically featuring the designer’s initials, “SD,” positioned behind the lizard’s front feet, some issues from 1981 notably lack this distinctive element. Mysteriously echoing anomalies observed in coins from 1968 and 1967, this intriguing deviation contributes to the coin’s allure, raising questions among collectors seeking rare expensive Australian coins about the intricacies of the minting process during that specific period.

1981 2 Cent NO SD

• Metal: Copper

• Year: 1981

Photo by PCGS

Valuable rare Australian 5 cent coins

From its introduction with decimalization in 1966, replacing the pre-decimal sixpence while maintaining its size and mass, the five-cent coin has endured, today holding the status as the smallest denomination in Australian currency. One of the years that stands out the most in the coin’s long history, however, is 1972, a time when rare Australian coins’ value became particularly notable.

Crafted from nickel, this coin bears an echidna design on the reverse – a hallmark of Australian currency. On the obverse, it showcases Queen Elizabeth II’s effigy, known as the “Second Portrait.”

Though its design is beautiful and considered classic, what sets the 1972 edition apart from other rare 5c Australian coins is its low mintage and historical context. The year 1972 marked a pivotal moment in Australian coinage, due to a shift that occurred in the composition of the coin, transitioning from 75% copper and 25% nickel to pure nickel. Collectors cherish the 1972 edition for its connection to this transition and the evolving nature of Australian currency.

Rare Australian 10 cent coins list

Since its introduction in 1966, the Australian 10-cent coin has generally been characterized by uniformity in design and composition. Its exquisite design featuring the intricate impression of a lyrebird sculpted by Stuart Devlin has endured, remaining a constant source of aesthetic appeal and capturing the essence of Australia’s wildlife throughout the years. For this reason, some collectors might say that rare 10c Australian coins do not offer a particularly lucrative avenue for exploration.

Nevertheless, this notion may not hold entirely true, as certain 10-cent coins, particularly the 2011 issue, deviate from the norm. With an exceptionally low mintage of 1.7 million, the 2011 10-cent coin stands out as a key date for collectors, especially considering its scarcity compared to the average mintage of 45.80 million coins per year for the denomination. Speculation abounds regarding the reasons behind this unusually low mintage, with some enthusiasts suggesting a limited production run or a deliberate effort to create Australian rare coins worth money.

Valuable rare Australian 20 cent coins list

Since its inception, the Australian 20 cent coin has played a significant role as a staple denomination in daily transactions across the country. Among its diverse releases, the 1966 coin carries special importance, signifying the inaugural year of decimalization.

Despite a substantial mintage of 58.2 million, the 1966 20 cent coin is relatively widespread in circulation. However, within this release lies a rare and distinctive variant – the 1966 wavy baseline 20 cent coin, distinguished as one of Australia’s rarest decimal coins issued for circulation, commanding noteworthy value in the domain of Australian rare coin values.

Characterized by a subtle yet discernible wave in the baseline of the “2” on the reverse side, this variant sets itself apart from the standard 20 cent coins of the same year. The wavy baseline anomaly, while seemingly minor, has significant implications for collectors, especially those seeking rare Australian 20c coins. It adds a layer of uniqueness to the coin, making it a sought-after rarity in numismatic circles.

The cause of this design difference remains a topic of debate among experts, adding an element of mystery to the coin’s origin story. The scarcity of well-preserved specimens further elevates the 1966 wavy baseline 20 cent coin’s status as a prized collectible, offering enthusiasts a fascinating glimpse into Australia’s numismatic history and the intriguing anomalies that occasionally emerge within it.

1966 20 Cent Wavy “2”

• Metal: Copper Nickel

• Year: 1966

Photo by PCGS

To learn more about this special piece, consult this article’s “Rare Australian coins to look out for” section.

Most wanted valuable rare Australian 50 cent coins

In 1977, the Royal Australian Mint marked the 25th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II’s accession with a distinctive circulating 50 cent coin. This coin, produced in the millions as part of the silver jubilee celebration, featured a unique design showcasing the Australia coat of arms.

While the sheer quantity may not initially suggest rarity, the narrative takes an intriguing turn with the unanticipated discovery of a limited number of 1977 50 cent coins bearing the non-commemorative Australia coat of arms design from preceding and subsequent years. This unintentional creation, identified as a “mule”, i.e. a coin that is struck with mismatched dies resulting in a combination of obverse and reverse designs that were not originally intended to be paired together, introduces a captivating dimension to the numismatic story of this rare Australian 50 cent coin. Notably, this specific coin, considered a mint error with fewer than 10 known examples, stands as a prized discovery for collectors.

1977 50 Cent Mule

• Metal: Copper Nickel

• Year: 1977

Photo by PCGS

Rare Australian dollar coins

Rare Australian $1 dollar coins list

Introduced in 1984 to replace the $1 note, the Australian $1 coin has become a staple in the country’s currency. Among its various releases over the years, though, some stand out and regularly feature in pieces compiling a list of rare Australian coins. A 2005 $1 coin error coin is a case in point.

The 2005 Australian $1 coin, a part of the revered “Mob of Roos” series, has garnered significant attention due to a distinctive error, transforming it into a highly sought-after collectible. Among the 5.1 million coins minted that year, only a few exhibit a striking off-center design, caused by a misalignment during production. This error, resulting in a rare Australian 1 dollar coin with about 10% or 2-3mm off-center placement, has left a portion of the design truncated, creating a visually captivating variety.

Photo by Finance.Yahoo

Rare $2 Australian coins

The Australian two-dollar coin, introduced in 1988, has undergone various transformations over the years, becoming an integral part of the nation’s currency. In recent years, limited edition rare Australian 2 dollar coins have garnered widespread popularity, reflecting the growing interest in numismatics.

A great illustration of this point is the 2012 Remembrance Day Red Poppy $2 Coin. Issued in two versions – one without a mintmark and the other featuring a ‘C’ mintmark – it holds a special place in collectors’ hearts with its low mintage of just 500,000 units.

Furthermore, the poignant symbolism of the red poppy, a powerful reminder of the sacrifices made by servicemen and women, means this rare $2 Australian coin strongly resonates with both collectors and those appreciative of the historical narratives embedded in currency.

2012-C $2 Remembrance Day Red Poppy

• Metal: Aluminum Bronze

• Year: 2012

Photo by PCGS

Explore a selection of rarities that extends beyond the most rare Australian coins.

Where to find rare Australian coins for sale

The realm of Australian numismatics is a fascinating and diverse tapestry of rare coins spanning various denominations and historical periods. Collectors who embrace these rare coins often discover that not only do these treasures enhance the aesthetic appeal of their collection, but they also add significant historical and intrinsic value.

To embark on or elevate your numismatic journey, use Blanchard. Connect with Blanchard’s team of experts for valuable insights and guidance on rare and valuable Australian coins and more.

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