1854 $1 Gold Type 2 PCGS MS63

Introduction

The 1854 $1 Gold Type 2 graded PCGS MS63 is a choice Mint State example of one of the shortest-lived designs in United States gold coinage. Designed by U.S. Mint Chief Engraver James B. Longacre, the Type 2 Gold Dollar introduced a larger diameter and a new Indian Princess portrait intended to improve upon the small size of the original gold dollar. Certified MS63 by Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS), this example combines Mint State preservation, classic pre-1933 gold, and the appeal of a first-year type coin.

History

The United States introduced the gold dollar in 1849 following the discovery of substantial gold deposits in California. Although the denomination proved useful in commerce, the original Type 1 coin measured only about 13 millimeters in diameter, making it unusually small and easy to lose. In 1854, the U.S. Mint introduced the Type 2 Gold Dollar with a larger diameter while retaining the same denomination and gold content.

The new design presented its own challenges. Longacre's portrait was rendered in relatively high relief, making it difficult for metal to flow evenly into the deepest portions of the dies. As a result, many Type 2 Gold Dollars display areas of weakness, particularly around the central reverse. The design was struck from 1854 through 1856 before being replaced by Longacre's modified Type 3 design, giving the Type 2 Gold Dollar an important place among short-lived U.S. coin types. The Philadelphia Mint struck 783,943 Type 2 Gold Dollars in 1854, the first year of the design.

Design

The obverse features a left-facing portrait of Liberty wearing a feathered headdress with a band inscribed LIBERTY. The inscription UNITED STATES OF AMERICA surrounds the portrait. Often referred to as the Indian Princess or Small Head design, the portrait marked a significant departure from the Liberty Head design used on the earlier Type 1 Gold Dollar.

The reverse displays the denomination 1 DOLLAR and the date 1854 within an agricultural wreath of corn, wheat, cotton, and tobacco. The wreath was adapted from Longacre's contemporary three-dollar gold piece and reflected important American agricultural products of the period. The compact layout and high-relief design give the Type 2 Gold Dollar a distinctive appearance within the broader U.S. gold series.